老师，为什么我执行以下操作之后，项目中不会自动创建a.txt这个文本文档呢？要怎么解决这个问题啊？我手动在项目中添加文本文档，也无法进行写入操作。

f = open(r'a.txt','w')
f.write('尚学堂百\n战程序员\n')
f.close()

但是如果我去找硬盘本身创建有的a.txt文本文档，却能够正常运行，并且能直接进行写入操作，没有发生错误（我理解的是它本身通过utf-8来解码）但是这样一来的话，没有乱码的情况发生啊，

代码如下：

#测试写入中文
f = open(r'e:/a.txt','w')
f.write('尚学堂百\n战程序员\n')
f.close()

结果显示如下：

老师，我的这个运行结果是这样的，这个合适吗!感觉有问题，

"""
确定项目需求
1.需要用到那些类
2.需要用到哪些方法

坦克类(敌我双方坦克 )
    射击
    移动
    显示坦克的方法

墙壁类
  属性(是否可以通过)

子弹类
  显示子弹的方法
  移动
声音类
  播放音乐
爆炸效果
  展示爆炸效果
主类
  开始游戏
"""

#搭建坦克大战的框架
import  pygame
import  time, random
BG_COLOr=pygame.Color(0,0,0)
TEXT_Color=pygame.Color(255,0,0)

class Maingame():
    tank = None
    window=None
    #创建存储坦克的列表
    Enerytank_list = []
    Enerycount=5

    #定义敌方坦克的数量

    def __init__(self):
        pass
    def startgame(self):
        # 加载主窗口  start
        # """开始游戏"""
        #初始化我方坦克
        Maingame.tank=Tanker(300,400)
        #初始化地方坦克,并将地方坦克添加到列表中
        self.ceeatelist()
        #展示敌方坦克
        self.biltenerytank()
        #初始化窗口
        pygame.display.init()
        #设置窗口的大小及显示
        Maingame.window=pygame.display.set_mode([700,800])  #返回sufacce对象
        #设置窗口的标题
        pygame.display.set_caption('坦克大战 V1.03')

        pygame.display.get_surface()
        while True:
            time.sleep(0.02)
            # 设置填充色
            Maingame.window.fill(BG_COLOr)
            # 获取事件
            self.getEvent()
            #绘制文字
            Maingame.window.blit(self.getTextFurace('此时还有{}辆坦克'.format(6)),(0,0))
            Maingame.tank.display()
            #调用坦克移动  如果坦克的开关是开启,才可以移动
            if  not Maingame.tank.stop:
                Maingame.tank.move()
            pygame.display.update()
    #初始化敌方坦克,并将地方坦克添加到列表
    def ceeatelist(self):

        top=100
        #循环生成敌方坦克
        for i in range(Maingame.Enerycount):

            left=random.randint(1,600)
            speed= random.randint(1,4)
            enemy=Enemytank(left,top,speed)
            Maingame.Enerytank_list.append(enemy)
    #循环遍历坦克列表,并将坦克列表展示出来
    def biltenerytank(self):
        for Enemytank in  Maingame.Enerytank_list:
            Enemytank.display()
    def endgame(self):
        # """结束游戏"""
        print("尊敬的坦克大战用户们,赵少斯温馨提示您已经关闭窗口,谢谢")
        exit()
    def getEvent(self):

        """获取事件
        1.点击关闭,关闭窗口
        2.按下键盘,判断键盘按下的是什么键,并分别对键进行处理
        """
        #获取所有事件
        evenlist=pygame.event.get()
        #进行遍历
        for event in evenlist:
            #判断按下的键是关闭还是键盘,如果是按下的是退出,关闭窗口
            if  event.type==pygame.QUIT:
                self.endgame()
            if event.type==pygame.KEYDOWN:
                #判断是上下左右
                if event.key==pygame.K_LEFT:
                    Maingame.tank.direction="L"
                    #修改坦克的开关状态
                    Maingame.tank.stop=False
                    # Maingame.tank.move()

                    print("按下左键,向左移动")
                elif event.key== pygame.K_RIGHT:
                    Maingame.tank.direction = "R"
                    # 修改坦克的开关状态
                    Maingame.tank.stop = False
                    # Maingame.tank.move()

                    print("按下右键,向右移动")
                elif event.key == pygame.K_UP:
                    Maingame.tank.direction = "U"
                    # 修改坦克的开关状态
                    Maingame.tank.stop = False
                    # Maingame.tank.move()

                    print("按下上键,向上移动")
                elif event.key == pygame.K_DOWN:
                    Maingame.tank.direction = "D"
                    # 修改坦克的开关状态
                    Maingame.tank.stop = False
                    # Maingame.tank.move()

                    print("按下左键,向下移动")
            #修改坦克的开关状态,松开方向键,坦克停止移动
                elif event.key == pygame.K_SPACE:
                     print("发射子弹")

            if event.type==pygame.KEYUP:
                #判断松开的是上下左右键,坦克才停止移动
                if event.key==pygame.K_UP or event.key == pygame.K_DOWN or event.key == pygame.K_LEFT or event.key ==pygame.K_RIGHT:

                    Maingame.tank.stop=True

    def getTextFurace(self,text):
        """新增事件

        1.左上角绘制文字
        2.左上角输出坦克的数量是6
        """
        # 初始化字体
        pygame.font.init()
        font=pygame.font.SysFont("kaiti",22)
        textsufzce=font.render(text,True,TEXT_Color)

        return  textsufzce
class Tanker():
    # 添加距离左边left,距离上边top

    def __init__(self,top,left):
        # 保存加载图片
        self.images={'U':pygame.image.load(r'C:\Users\Administrator\Desktop\p1tankU.gif'),
                    'R':pygame.image.load(r'C:\Users\Administrator\Desktop\p1tankR.gif'),
                     'L':pygame.image.load(r'C:\Users\Administrator\Desktop\p1tankL.gif'),
                      'D':pygame.image.load(r'C:\Users\Administrator\Desktop\p1tankD.gif')
                     }
        # 方向
        self.direction="U"
        #根据刚当前的方向活去图片
        self.image=self.images[self.direction]
        #根据图片获取区域
        self.rect=self.image.get_rect()
        #设置区间的left,top
        self.rect.left=left
        self.rect.top=top
        #速度决定了移动的快慢
        self.speed=2
        #坦克移动的开关
        self.stop=True



    def shot(self):
        # """射击"""

        pass
    def move(self):
        # """移动"""
        #判断坦克的方向进行移动
        if self.direction == "L":
            if self.rect.left > 0:
                self.rect.left -= self.speed
        if self.direction == "U":

            if self.rect.top>0:
                self.rect.top -= self.speed
        if  self.direction == "D":
            if self.rect.top +self.rect.height<800:
                self.rect.top += self.speed
        if  self.direction == "R":
            if self.rect.left+self.rect.height<700:
                self.rect.left += self.speed
        pass

    #展示坦克的方法
    def display(self):
         #获取展示的
        self.image = self.images[self.direction]
        #调用blit方法展示
        Maingame.window.blit(self.image,self.rect)

#  子弹
class Bullet():
    def __init__(self):
        pass
    #移动
    def move(self):
        pass
    #展示子弹
    def display_Bullet(self):
        pass

   # 我方坦克
class Mytank(Tanker):
    def __init__(self):
        pass
# 敌方坦克

class Enemytank(Tanker):
    """完成坦克初始化"""
    def __init__(self,left,top,speed):
         #加载图片集
        self.images={'U':pygame.image.load(r'C:\Users\Administrator\Desktop\enemy1U.gif'),
                    'R':pygame.image.load(r'C:\Users\Administrator\Desktop\enemy1R.gif'),
                     'L':pygame.image.load(r'C:\Users\Administrator\Desktop\enemy1L.gif'),
                      'D':pygame.image.load(r'C:\Users\Administrator\Desktop\enemy1D.gif')

                     }
        #随机生成坦克的方向
        self.direction=self.ranDirectiion()

        #根据方向获取图片:
        self.image=self.images[self.direction]
        #区域
        self.rect=self.image.get_rect()
        self.rect.left=left
        self.rect.top=top
        self.speed=speed
        #移动开关
        self.flag=True
    #自定义随机生成坦克的方向
    def ranDirectiion(self):
        num=random.randint(1,4)
        if num==1:
            return "U"
        if num==2:
            return  "R"
        if num==3:
            return  "L"
        else:
            return   'D'

#墙壁
class wall():
    def __init__(self):
        pass
    #展示墙壁
    def displayWall(self):
        pass
#爆炸
class Explode():
    def __init__(self):
        pass
    #展示爆炸效果
    def displayExplode(self):
        pass
#音乐
class Music():
    def __init__(self):
        pass
    #展示音乐效果
    def display_Music(self):
        pass
if __name__ == '__main__':
    Maingame().startgame()

老师,我认真检查了好几遍,还是解决不了这个错误

我要吐槽一个这个课程，上来一开始就直接workon pygame_env 的一点不考虑我们虚拟环境会不会搭，我真是服了，教学能不能多考虑考虑学生的痛点啊！！！！！！！

这个软件在哪里下载？老师

""开发画图软件的菜单"""
from tkinter import *
from tkinter.filedialog import *
from tkinter.colorchooser import *

# 窗口的宽度和高度
win_width = 900
win_height = 450


class Application(Frame):

    def __init__(self, master=None, bgcolor="#000000"):
        super().__init__(master)
        self.master = master
        self.bgcolor = bgcolor

        self.pack()
        self.createWidget()

    def createWidget(self):
        # 创建绘图区
        drawpad = Canvas(root, width=win_width, height=win_height, bg=self.bgcolor)
        drawpad.pack()

        # 创建按钮
        btn_start = Button(root, text="开始", nane="start")
        btn_start.pack(side="left", padx="10")
        btn_pen = Button(root, text="画笔", nane="pen")
        btn_pen.pack(side="left", padx="10")
        btn_rect = Button(root, text="矩形", nane="rect")
        btn_rect.pack(side="left", padx="10")
        btn_clear = Button(root, text="清屏", nane="clear")
        btn_clear.pack(side="left", padx="10")
        btn_erasor = Button(root, text="橡皮擦", nane="erasor")
        btn_erasor.pack(side="left", padx="10")
        btn_line = Button(root, text="直线", nane="line")
        btn_line.pack(side="left", padx="10")
        btn_lineArrow = Button(root, text="箭头直线", nane="lineArrow")
        btn_lineArrow.pack(side="left", padx="10")
        btn_color = Button(root, text="颜色", nane="color")
        btn_color.pack(side="left", padx="10")


if __name__ == "__main__":
    root = Tk()
    root.geometry("450x300+200+300")
    root.title("画图软件")
    app = Application(master=root)
    root.mainloop()

老师我这个运行不了

老师您好，请问我的os模块里为什么没有getcwd()方法呢？怎么解决？

我是在Setting->Project Interpreter里安装的。，然后选择的路径好像就是我那个项目的路径，F:\尚学堂\PyChramProject02\venv\Scripts\python.exe F:/尚学堂/PyChramProject02/MyPro04/DuShangJiang.py

老师，我这个为什么跑完里面是空白的

老师：我计算机是WIN10系统，执行PIP时，提示"pip 不是内部或外部命令，也不是可运行的程序或批处文件”。这是什么问题？

老师您好，如果用bind和bind_class绑定响应函数的话，如果那个函数有多个参数呢，怎么传参？我用了lamada也不行

from tkinter import *
root=Tk()
root.title("哦哦哦")
root.geometry("300x300+700+300")
def test2(x,y):
    print("{0}和{1}是好朋友".format(x,y))
btn01.bind("<Button-1>",test2)
btn01.pack()
root.mainloop()

我这个语法怎么出错了呢？我瞅了半天都没发现

#file文件操作_操作系统底层关系_写入文件
a =open("b.py","b")
c="live\nI live you\n“
a.write(c)
a.close()

Collecting pyinstaller

  Downloading pyinstaller-4.1.tar.gz (3.5 MB)

ERROR: Exception:

Traceback (most recent call last):

  File "C:\Program Files\Python38\lib\site-packages\pip\_vendor\urllib3\response.py", line 425, in _error_catcher

    yield

  File "C:\Program Files\Python38\lib\site-packages\pip\_vendor\urllib3\response.py", line 507, in read

    data = self._fp.read(amt) if not fp_closed else b""

  File "C:\Program Files\Python38\lib\site-packages\pip\_vendor\cachecontrol\filewrapper.py", line 62, in read

    data = self.__fp.read(amt)

  File "C:\Program Files\Python38\lib\http\client.py", line 458, in read

    n = self.readinto(b)

  File "C:\Program Files\Python38\lib\http\client.py", line 502, in readinto

    n = self.fp.readinto(b)

  File "C:\Program Files\Python38\lib\socket.py", line 669, in readinto

    return self._sock.recv_into(b)

  File "C:\Program Files\Python38\lib\ssl.py", line 1241, in recv_into

    return self.read(nbytes, buffer)

  File "C:\Program Files\Python38\lib\ssl.py", line 1099, in read

    return self._sslobj.read(len, buffer)

ConnectionResetError: [WinError 10054] 远程主机强迫关闭了一个现有的连接。

During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:

Traceback (most recent call last):

  File "C:\Program Files\Python38\lib\site-packages\pip\_internal\cli\base_command.py", line 188, in _main

    status = self.run(options, args)

  File "C:\Program Files\Python38\lib\site-packages\pip\_internal\cli\req_command.py", line 185, in wrapper

    return func(self, options, args)

  File "C:\Program Files\Python38\lib\site-packages\pip\_internal\commands\install.py", line 332, in run

    requirement_set = resolver.resolve(

  File "C:\Program Files\Python38\lib\site-packages\pip\_internal\resolution\legacy\resolver.py", line 179, in resolve

    discovered_reqs.extend(self._resolve_one(requirement_set, req))

  File "C:\Program Files\Python38\lib\site-packages\pip\_internal\resolution\legacy\resolver.py", line 362, in _resolve_one

    abstract_dist = self._get_abstract_dist_for(req_to_install)

  File "C:\Program Files\Python38\lib\site-packages\pip\_internal\resolution\legacy\resolver.py", line 314, in _get_abstract_dist_for

    abstract_dist = self.preparer.prepare_linked_requirement(req)

  File "C:\Program Files\Python38\lib\site-packages\pip\_internal\operations\prepare.py", line 467, in prepare_linked_requirement

    local_file = unpack_url(

  File "C:\Program Files\Python38\lib\site-packages\pip\_internal\operations\prepare.py", line 255, in unpack_url

    file = get_http_url(

  File "C:\Program Files\Python38\lib\site-packages\pip\_internal\operations\prepare.py", line 129, in get_http_url

    from_path, content_type = _download_http_url(

  File "C:\Program Files\Python38\lib\site-packages\pip\_internal\operations\prepare.py", line 281, in _download_http_url

    for chunk in download.chunks:

  File "C:\Program Files\Python38\lib\site-packages\pip\_internal\cli\progress_bars.py", line 166, in iter

    for x in it:

  File "C:\Program Files\Python38\lib\site-packages\pip\_internal\network\utils.py", line 15, in response_chunks

    for chunk in response.raw.stream(

  File "C:\Program Files\Python38\lib\site-packages\pip\_vendor\urllib3\response.py", line 564, in stream

    data = self.read(amt=amt, decode_content=decode_content)

  File "C:\Program Files\Python38\lib\site-packages\pip\_vendor\urllib3\response.py", line 529, in read

    raise IncompleteRead(self._fp_bytes_read, self.length_remaining)

  File "C:\Program Files\Python38\lib\contextlib.py", line 131, in __exit__

    self.gen.throw(type, value, traceback)

  File "C:\Program Files\Python38\lib\site-packages\pip\_vendor\urllib3\response.py", line 443, in _error_catcher

    raise ProtocolError("Connection broken: %r" % e, e)

pip._vendor.urllib3.exceptions.ProtocolError: ("Connection broken: ConnectionResetError(10054, '远程主机强迫关闭了一个现有的连接。', None, 10054, None)", ConnectionResetError(10054, '远程主机强迫关闭了一个现有的连接。', None, 10054, None))

WARNING: You are using pip version 20.1.1; however, version 20.3.3 is available.

You should consider upgrading via the 'C:\Program Files\Python38\python.exe -m pip install --upgrade pip' command.

老师，这个报错可能是什么原因导致的？

在setting安装了pyinstall 

安pyinstaller有错误